Ngo-2021, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV yehlabathi kuya kwenza i-9% yeentengiso zeemoto zabakhweli.
Ukonyusa elo nani, ukongeza kutyalo-mali kakhulu kwimihlaba emitsha yeshishini ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso, ukwenziwa kunye nokukhuthaza ukufakelwa kombane, ii-automakers kunye nababoneleli nabo batyhala iingqondo zabo ukulungiselela isizukulwana esilandelayo samacandelo ezithuthi.
Imizekelo ibandakanya iibhetri zelizwe eliqinileyo, ii-axial-flow motors, kunye ne-800-volt system zombane ezithembisa ukunqumla amaxesha okutshaja ngesiqingatha, ukunciphisa kakhulu ubungakanani bebhetri kunye neendleko, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-drivetrain.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zimbalwa iimoto ezintsha ezisebenzise inkqubo ye-800-volt endaweni ye-400 eqhelekileyo.
Iimodeli ezineesistim ze-800-volt esele zikho kwimarike zezi: Porsche Taycan, Audi E-tron GT, Hyundai Ioniq 5 kunye ne-Kia EV6.I-Lucid Air Limousine isebenzisa i-900-volt ye-architecture, nangona iingcali zoshishino zikholelwa ukuba yinkqubo ye-800-volt.
Ngokwembono yababoneleli becandelo le-EV, uyilo lwebhetri ye-800-volt iya kuba yeyona ibalaseleyo yetekhnoloji ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-2020, ngakumbi njengoko ukuzinikela ngakumbi nangakumbi kwi-800-volt yoyilo lwamaqonga ombane onke avela, njenge-Hyundai's E-GMP kunye nePPE ye. iQela leVolkswagen.
Iqonga lemodyuli yemodyuli ye-Hyundai Motor ye-E-GMP ibonelelwa yi-Vitesco Technologies, inkampani ye-powertrain ejikwe kwi-Continental AG, ukubonelela nge-800-volt inverters;I-Volkswagen Group PPE yi-800-volt ye-architecture yebhetri edibeneyo ephuhliswe yi-Audi kunye ne-Porsche.Iqonga lemoto yombane yemodyuli.
"Ngo-2025, iimodeli ezineenkqubo ze-800-volt ziya kuba ziqhelekileyo," kusho uDirk Kesselgruber, umongameli wecandelo le-GKN yombane wokuqhuba, inkampani yokuphuhlisa iteknoloji.I-GKN ikwangomnye wababoneleli abaninzi beTier 1 abasebenzisa itekhnoloji, bebonelela ngezinto ezifana ne-800-volt ye-axles yombane, eneliso elijonge kwimveliso yobuninzi ngo-2025.
Utshele i-Automotive News yaseYurophu, "Sicinga ukuba inkqubo ye-800-volt iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo. I-Hyundai nayo ibonise ukuba inokukhuphisana ngokulinganayo kwixabiso."
E-United States, i-Hyundai IQNIQ 5 iqala kwi-$ 43,650, esekelwe ngaphezu kwexabiso eliqhelekileyo le-$ 60,054 yezithuthi zombane ngoFebruwari 2022, kwaye inokwamkelwa ngabathengi abaninzi.
"I-800 volts linyathelo elilandelayo elinengqiqo ekuguqukeni kweemoto zombane ezicocekileyo," u-Alexander Reich, intloko ye-electronics innovative power eVitesco, uthe kudliwano-ndlebe.
Ukongeza ekunikezeni i-800-volt inverters ye-Hyundai ye-E-GMP iqonga lombane lemodyuli, i-Vitesco ikhusele ezinye iikontraki ezinkulu, kubandakanywa ii-inverters ze-automaker enkulu yaseMntla Melika kunye nee-EV ezimbini ezihamba phambili e-China naseJapan.Umthengisi ubonelela ngenjini.
Icandelo leenkqubo zombane ze-800-volt likhula ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekulindelwe kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kwaye abathengi bakhula ngamandla, uHarry Husted, igosa eliyintloko lezobuchwepheshe kwi-US auto parts Supplier BorgWarner, uthe nge-imeyile.umdla.Umthengisi ukwaphumelele iiodolo ezithile, kubandakanya imodyuli edityanisiweyo yokuqhuba yebrendi yaseTshayina yodidi oluphezulu.
1. Kutheni i-800 volts "inyathelo elilandelayo elisengqiqweni"?
Ziziphi izinto eziphambili ze-800-volt inkqubo xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo ekhoyo ye-400-volt?
Okokuqala, banokuhambisa amandla afanayo kumbane ophantsi.Yandisa ixesha lokutshaja nge-50% ngesayizi yebhetri efanayo.
Ngenxa yoko, ibhetri, icandelo elibiza kakhulu kwisithuthi sombane, linokwenziwa lincinci, likhulise ukusebenza kakuhle ngelixa linciphisa ubunzima.
U-Otmar Scharrer, i-vice-president ephezulu ye-electrified powertrain technology kwi-ZF, wathi: "Iindleko zezithuthi zombane azikafiki kwinqanaba elifanayo neenqwelo zepetroli, kwaye ibhetri encinci iya kuba sisisombululo esihle. Kwakhona, ukuba nebhetri enkulu kakhulu imodeli eqhelekileyo efana ne-Ioniq 5 ayinangqondo ngokwayo. "
Ngokuphinda kabini i-voltage kunye nomsinga ofanayo, imoto inokufumana amandla aphindwe kabini,” utshilo uReich."Ukuba ixesha lokutshaja likhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, imoto yombane ayinakudinga ukuchitha ixesha lokulandela uluhlu lweekhilomitha ezili-1,000."
Okwesibini, ngenxa yokuba amandla ombane aphezulu anika amandla afanayo kunye nombane omncinci, iintambo kunye neengcingo zinokwenziwa zibe zincinci kwaye zibe khaphukhaphu, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kobhedu olubiza kakhulu kunye nobunzima.
Amandla alahlekileyo nawo aya kuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo, okukhokelela ekunyamezelweni okungcono kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwemoto.Kwaye akukho nkqubo yolawulo lwe-thermal enzima efunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri isebenza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.
Okokugqibela, xa idityaniswe neteknoloji ye-silicon carbide microchip esakhulayo, inkqubo ye-800-volt inokunyusa ukusebenza kwe-powertrain ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 ekhulwini.Le tshiphu ilahlekelwa ngamandla amancinane xa itshintsha kwaye iyasebenza kakhulu ekuzinyatheleni iziqhoboshi.
Ngenxa yokuba iitshiphusi ezintsha ze-silicon carbide zisebenzisa i-silicon ecocekileyo, iindleko zinokuba ngaphantsi kwaye iitshiphusi ezininzi zinokubonelelwa kumzi mveliso wemoto, ababoneleli bathe.Ngenxa yokuba amanye amashishini athanda ukusebenzisa iitshiphusi ze-silicon zonke, akhuphisana nee-automakers kumgca wokuvelisa we-semiconductor.
"Ekugqibeleni, ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo ze-800-volt kubalulekile," uqukumbela uKessel Gruber weGKN.
2. I-800-volt yokutshaja kwisikhululo sothungelwano lwesakhiwo
Nanku omnye umbuzo: Uninzi lwezikhululo zokutshaja ezikhoyo zisekelwe kwinkqubo ye-400-volt, ngaba ikhona ngokwenene inzuzo kwiimoto ezisebenzisa inkqubo ye-800-volt?
Impendulo enikwe ziingcali zeshishini yile: ewe.Nangona isithuthi sifuna isiseko sokutshaja se-800-volt.
"Uninzi lweziseko zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC zizithuthi ze-400-volt," utshilo u-Hursted."Ukufezekisa i-800-volt ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, sifuna isizukulwana samva nje se-high-voltage, amandla aphezulu etshaja ekhawulezayo yeDC."
Ayongxaki yokutshaja ekhaya, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ezona nethiwekhi zikhawulezayo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke e-US zilinganiselwe.U-Reich ucinga ukuba ingxaki inzima nangakumbi kwizikhululo zokutshaja zikahola wendlela.
EYurophu, nangona kunjalo, i-800-volt inkqubo yokutshaja inethiwekhi iyanda, kwaye i-Ionity inenani le-800-volt, i-350-kilowatt yeendawo zokutshaja zendlela enkulu kwiYurophu yonke.
I-Ionity EU yiprojekthi yentsebenziswano ye-automaker emininzi yothungelwano lwezikhululo zokutshaja zamandla aphezulu kwizithuthi zombane, esekwe yi-BMW Group, i-Daimler AG, i-Ford Motor kunye ne-Volkswagen.Ngo-2020, i-Hyundai Motor yajoyina njengesihlanu sabanini-zabelo abakhulu.
"I-800-volt, i-350-kilowatt itshaja ithetha i-100-kilometer yexesha lokutshaja ixesha lemizuzu emi-5-7," utsho uSchaller weZF."Yikomityi nje yekofu leyo."
"Obu bubuchwephesha obuphazamisayo ngokwenene. Kuya kunceda imboni yemoto ukuba iqinisekise abantu abaninzi ukuba bamkele izithuthi zombane."
Ngokwengxelo yakutshanje evela kwi-Porsche, kuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-80 ukongeza iimayile ezingama-250 kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-50kW, isikhululo samandla se-400V;imizuzu engama-40 ukuba yi-100kW;ukuba ukupholisa iplagi yokutshaja (iindleko , ubunzima kunye nobunzima), obunokunciphisa ngakumbi ixesha kwimizuzu engama-30.
Ke ngoko, kumzamo wokufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu sokutshaja, ukutshintshela kumbane ophakamileyo akunakuphepheka,” yaphetha ingxelo.I-Porsche ikholelwa ukuba nge-voltage yokutshaja eyi-800-volt, ixesha liyakwehla ukuya kwimizuzu eli-15.
Ukutshaja kwakhona ngokulula nangokukhawuleza njengokufaka i-refueling- kukho ithuba elihle lokuba kwenzeke.
3. Oovulindlela kumashishini agcina abantu abadala
Ukuba iteknoloji ye-800-volt ilungile ngokwenene, kuyafaneleka ukubuza ukuba kutheni, ngaphandle kweemodeli ezikhankanywe ngasentla, phantse zonke izithuthi zombane zisasekelwe kwiinkqubo ze-400-volt, kunye neenkokheli zemarike uTesla kunye neVolkswagen.?
U-Schaller kunye nezinye iingcali zichaza izizathu "zokulula" kunye "nokuba yishishini kuqala."
Indlu eqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-380 volts yesigaba sesithathu se-AC (iqondo lombane ngokwenene luluhlu, kungekhona ixabiso elimiselweyo), ngoko xa ii-automakers ziqala ukukhupha ii-plug-in hybrids kunye neenqwelo zombane ezicocekileyo, iziseko zokutshaja zazisele zikhona.Kwaye i-wave yokuqala yeenqwelo zombane zakhiwe kumacandelo aphuhliswe kwi-plug-in hybrids, eyayisekelwe kwiinkqubo ze-400-volt.
“Xa wonke umntu ekwi-400 volts, oko kuthetha ukuba lelo linqanaba lombane elikhoyo kwiziseko ezingundoqo kuyo yonke indawo,” utshilo uSchaller."Yeyona nto ifanelekileyo, ifumaneka ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko abantu abacingi kakhulu. Ngokukhawuleza bagqibe."
I-Kessel Gruber inika i-Porsche njengovulindlela we-800-volt inkqubo kuba igxininise ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kunokuba isebenze.
I-Porsche inesibindi sokuphonononga kwakhona into eyenziwa lishishini ukusuka kwixesha elidlulileyo.Uyazibuza: "Ngaba esi sesona sicombululo ngokwenene?""Ngaba singayilwa ukusuka ekuqaleni?"Obo bubuhle bokuba ngumenzi wezithuthi osebenza kakhulu.
Iingcali zeshishini zivumile ukuba yinto nje yexesha ngaphambi kokuba ii-EVs ezingaphezulu ezingama-800-volt zifike emarikeni.
Akukho mingeni mininzi yobugcisa, kodwa iinxalenye kufuneka ziphuhliswe kwaye ziqinisekiswe;iindleko zinokuba ngumcimbi, kodwa ngesikali, iiseli ezincinci kunye nobhedu oluncinci, ixabiso eliphantsi liya kuza kungekudala.
IVolvo, iPolestar, iStellantis kunye neGeneral Motors sele itshilo ukuba iimodeli ezizayo ziya kusebenzisa itekhnoloji.
IQela lakwaVolkswagen liceba ukuphehlelela uluhlu lweemoto kwiqonga layo le-PPE le-800-volt, kuquka i-Macan entsha kunye nenqwelo yesitishi esekwe kwingqikelelo entsha ye-A6 Avant E-tron.
Iqela labenzi beemoto baseTshayina baye babhengeza inyathelo lokuya kuyilo lwe-800-volt, kubandakanya i-Xpeng Motors, i-NIO, i-Li Auto, i-BYD kunye ne-Geely-owned Lotus.
"Nge-Taycan kunye ne-E-tron GT, unesithuthi esinentsebenzo ehamba phambili yeklasi. Ioniq 5 bubungqina bokuba imoto yentsapho efikelelekayo inokwenzeka, "uphetha uKessel Gruber.Ukuba ezi moto zimbalwa zingayenza, yonke imoto ingayenza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-19-2022